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Home›Uncategorized›ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND ITS APPLICATIONS

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND ITS APPLICATIONS

By Sriram Nagarajan
November 15, 2019
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SPECTROSCOPY

APPLICATIONS

Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV/Vis) To analyse molecular (organic) and ionic species capable of absorbing at UV or Visible wavelengths in dilute solutions.
FourierTransform InfraredSpectroscopy (FT-IR) To analyse only molecular compounds (organic compounds, natural products, polymers, etc.).
FourierTransform RamanSpectroscopy (FT-Raman) To analyse molecular (organic) compounds which are not responding well in the IR region and hence, it is an alternate to IR.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) To identify and characterize the organic and inorganic compounds.
Microwave Spectroscopy To analyse simple gaseous molecules in Far IR region, to study their stereo chemistry.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (ESR) To study the formation and life time of the free radicals formed in organic reactions and also finds applications in biological works.
Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy To study the molecular and ionic compounds in dilute solutions capable of giving fluorescence.

 CHROMATOGRAPHY

High Performance Liquidchromatography (HPLC) To separate and analyse complex mixtures or solutions which include liquids and solids of both organic and inorganic origins.
Gas Chromatography (GC) Volatile To separate and analyse mixtures of organic compounds, solvent extracts and gases.

THERMAL ANALYSIS

Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) To study the mass changes of materials like polymers, glasses, ceramics, etc., such as evaporation, decomposition gas absorption, de- sorption, dehydration, etc
X-RAY TECHNIQUE

X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

 

Spectrometry and To identify the elements and their valence states present in the surface of the materials.
X-Ray Photoemission

Spectrometry (XPS)

Ray Diffractometry (XRD)

To study the crystalline properties of Solid substances

MICROSCOPY

Scanning  Electron Microscopy  (SEM) To study the topography, electronic structure and compositions of metals, ceramics, polymers, composites and biological Materials
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) To study the local structures, morphology, and dispersion of multicomponent polymers, cross sections and crystallizations of metallic alloys, semiconductors, microstructure of composites, etc.
Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) To study the hardness and topography of materials like ceramics, polymers, composites, etc., on a nano-scale range.

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES

To study and determine metals, metal complexes and organic compounds in trace levels.

 

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) To study and characterize biologically active compounds like proteins, amino acids and other bio-molecules.

MISCELLANEOUS TECHNIQUES

Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOC) To monitor pollutants in environmental studies by determining the carbon contents of the trace compounds.
Elemental Analyzer (CHN/S) To estimate percentage compositions of elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur present in newly synthesized organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, etc. To analyse and quantitative.
Circular Dichroism (CD) and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD) To get the structural information of optically active Compounds like, amino acids, proteins, etc.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) and Vibrational Linear Dichroism (VLD) Same as above but in the IR region. VLD measurement is employed to study the molecular orientations of thin polymer films.
Mass Spectrometry (MS) To identify the organic compounds.

Often used as detectors with HPLC and GC

Laser Light Scattering System (LLIS) In the study of macromolecules like polymers, gels, proteins, etc., for determining molecular mass & size and their associations.

 

Dr.N.Sriram,

Professor & HOD,

Department of Pharmaceutics,

Holy Mary college of Pharmacy,

Hyderabad.

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